1. How are flowcharts and pseudo code useful in program design and planning?
- They are useful because they serve as a fundamental step in the conceptualization of any program. By writing or drawing your code before encryption, it gives one a bigger picture of the scale of the project and any possible obstacles such as bugs. An example of a flowchart can be seen on the right.
2. How are layers of abstraction represented and developed in programs?
- According to Luciano Floridi and J.W. Sanders of Oxford University and University of Bari, computer science commonly presents levels (or, less commonly, layers) of abstraction, wherein each level represents a different model of the same information and processes, but with varying amounts of detail.
- Each level uses a system of expression involving a unique set of objects and compositions that apply only to a particular domain. Each relatively abstract, "higher" level builds on a relatively concrete, "lower" level, which tends to provide an increasingly "granular" representation. For example, gates build on electronic circuits, binary on gates, machine language on binary, programming language on machine language, applications and operating systems on programming languages. Each level is embodied, but not determined, by the level beneath it, making it a language of description that is somewhat self-contained.
3. What is a computational artifact?
- According to the University of Rhode Island, a computational artifact is anything created by a human using a computer. An artifact can be, but is not limited to, a program, image, audio, video, presentation, or web page file.
4. How are programs created to solve problems?
- Programs can be created to perform the following steps in order to solve certain problems: information representation, an algorithm, encapsulation, abstraction/complexity hiding, or even brute forcing.
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| Image from webbiquity.com |
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